O-RAID Architecture

Orbital Redundant Array of Independent Disks for Satellite Megaconstellations

Research by R. G. N. Meegama

The Orbital Data Challenge

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) megaconstellations are generating unprecedented volumes of Earth Observation (EO) data. Current architectures rely on individual satellite storage and sporadic ground station downlinks, creating severe performance bottlenecks, high latency, and risk of catastrophic data loss due to debris impact or nodal failure.

The O-RAID Solution

Distributed Resilience in Space

O-RAID (Orbital Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a novel architecture that transforms isolated satellite storage into a unified, resilient orbital data center.


By leveraging high-speed optical Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs), O-RAID implements distributed erasure coding across the constellation. This decouples storage reliability from individual satellite health, ensuring data survivability even during multiple node failures.

Core Innovations

Asynchronous Parity Updates

A novel mechanism that decouples read/write operations from parity calculations. This architectural shift significantly reduces tail latency compared to traditional synchronous RAID approaches in high-delay orbital environments.

Dynamic Rebuild Routing

An intelligent routing protocol optimized for ISL topology changes. It actively minimizes reconstruction time during node failures, ensuring rapid return to full redundancy status.

Coordinator Satellite (CS) Topology

Utilizes a specialized tier of high-compute satellites to manage metadata consistency and orchestrate recovery operations, reducing computational load on standard storage nodes.

Why O-RAID?

Immunity to Terrestrial Disasters

Unlike ground-based data centers, O-RAID is physically decoupled from Earth's surface. Your data remains secure and accessible even during catastrophic floods, earthquakes, or fires that disable terrestrial infrastructure.

Jurisdictional Neutrality

Operating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) allows for data storage strategies that transcend traditional geopolitical borders, offering a neutral "safe harbor" for critical international archives.

Ultimate Air-Gapping

The "vacuum gap" provides the highest tier of physical security. Direct physical access to storage media for theft or tampering is impossible for unauthorized actors.

Enterprise-Grade Durability

Leveraging O-RAID's distributed erasure coding, the system tolerates simultaneous node failures without data loss, offering "Five Nines" reliability equivalent to premium terrestrial cloud storage.

Piggy-Back Deployment

O-RAID is designed as a modular payload that can attach to existing commercial mega-constellations. By utilizing the spare mass and power margins of partner satellites, it eliminates the massive capital expenditure required for dedicated launches.

Zero Cooling Costs

Terrestrial data centers consume nearly 40% of their energy budget on air conditioning. O-RAID leverages the natural cold vacuum of space for passive radiative heat dissipation, effectively reducing the cooling energy cost to zero.

Powered by Space-Based Solar (SBSP)

O-RAID integrates with next-generation Space-Based Solar Power satellites. This eliminates reliance on fragile terrestrial power grids, ensuring 24/7 continuous uptime regardless of global energy crises or blackouts.

Validated Performance

Based on extensive simulation using Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC) modeling and orbital dynamics analysis.

38%

Reduction in Write Tail Latency

99.999%

5-Year Data Reliability

41%

Faster Failure Recovery Time

Research Access & Collaboration

The O-RAID project is actively seeking academic and industrial partners to advance the next phase of orbital storage technology.

We welcome inquiries regarding joint grant applications, hardware-in-the-loop simulation testing, and co-development of inter-satellite optical protocols.

Discuss Collaboration. Mail to: rgn@sjp.ac.lk